Cayenne Pepper Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects & Natural Alternatives† (4 min.)

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We recently received an inquiry about cayenne pepper supplements. Cayenne pepper is a member of the capsicum family of vegetables, which also includes red peppers, bell peppers, pimento, and paprika. Capsicum adds color, pungency, and aroma to foods. The level of pungency (heat) in peppers depends mainly on the concentration of capsaicinoids. Chili peppers and red peppers contain higher capsaicinoid levels, while paprika has lower levels. Spanish paprika, made from pimentos, has almost no heat and is primarily used for its coloring properties. Cayenne pepper is made by drying and then grinding the hotter chili peppers and red peppers into a powder.

When we consume foods containing higher levels of hot peppers, capsaicin causes a chemical messenger, “substance P,” to be released artificially. Substance P, found in cells, is responsible for transmitting pain signals. This artificial release triggers a response in the nervous system, which is why we feel a burning sensation in our mouth. Over time, and with repeated intake of spicy foods, the level of substance P in the mouth becomes depleted. As a result, people who regularly consume hot foods may develop a tolerance to the heat over time.

Capsaicin or Cayenne Pepper Skin Cream

The same “tolerance” that allows frequent hot pepper eaters to handle spicier foods more comfortably also underlies the basis for over-the-counter capsicum creams used topically. Caution should be exercised when using these creams, as the same “hot” sensation we experience while eating peppers or preparing them can occur with skin application. These products can be painful, especially if they come into contact with open cuts or mucous membranes.

There’s good clinical evidence that capsicum, when applied topically in a cream or plaster, may help reduce lower back discomfort†. Research also suggests that capsicum plasters combined with acupuncture may help relieve postoperative nausea and vomiting†. Capsaicin, the active compound in hot peppers, is FDA-approved for use in certain over-the-counter (OTC) topical products, such as creams, gels, and patches, intended for temporary relief of minor aches and pains associated with arthritis, muscle strains, and backaches†.

Capsaicin or Cayenne Pepper Supplements Side Effects

So, should one consider taking cayenne pepper supplements? When used orally, capsicum or cayenne pepper supplements may cause gastrointestinal irritation, mouth and throat irritation, damage to taste buds, and reduce our ability to appreciate the taste of foods fully. Additionally, these supplements may cause gas, indigestion, flatulence, or diarrhea. They can also aggravate existing ulcers.

Despite these side effects, oral capsaicin supplements have been suggested as a potential treatment for various conditions, including weight management†, sore throat discomfort†, gastrointestinal support†, blood sugar balance†, and skin health†. However, the scientific support for capsicum in these areas is limited. These supplements may also interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, antidepressants, and those that affect insulin or blood pressure. Individuals allergic to bell peppers, paprika, or other peppers may also experience a reaction to capsicum supplements.

Natural Alternatives to Cayenne Pepper for Pain Support†

While cayenne pepper supplements and topical patches may not be the right choice for everyone, several other nutrients and herbal ingredients have been studied for their ability to support a healthy inflammatory response† and promote joint comfort†. These ingredients may offer gentler options for individuals who want to avoid the potential gastrointestinal side effects of cayenne.

Turmeric (Curcumin)

Found in turmeric root, curcumin is a powerful antioxidant that has been studied for its ability to help maintain a healthy inflammatory response†. It’s a popular supplement for joint comfort† and is often used as an alternative to topical creams or spicy foods.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Commonly found in fish oil, omega-3s help support cardiovascular health† and have been shown to support a healthy inflammatory balance†. For individuals experiencing everyday joint stiffness†, omega-3 supplements are a well-researched option.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin

These compounds are found naturally in the cartilage of joints and are often included in supplements that support joint flexibility† and overall joint health†. While not spicy like cayenne, they’re commonly used by those managing age-related joint concerns†. Keep in mind that these compounds take approximately two months to be absorbed into the body, so it is recommended to take them daily for two months before evaluating their benefits†.

Collagen

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is essential for joint and connective tissue structure†. Some studies have shown that specific collagen peptides may support joint comfort† and help maintain cartilage integrity†, especially in active adults or those experiencing joint wear and tear†.

Each of these ingredients can be found in Cooper Complete’s nutritional supplement line. If cayenne isn’t a good fit for you, these science-backed alternatives may be worth discussing with your health care provider†.

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Article by Jill Turner, President, Cooper Concepts

Cooper Complete June 26, 2025